Only a few days ago we visited graves and attended parades to remember and celebrate the lives of our men and women who have given their lives for each of us in the United States of America and many European countries. My mind traveled back in time to the Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962, a time that created fear in the hearts of many Americans.
I created a post on Facebook--
and then continued to think and recall the fears of war during my childhood. Would I be dead some day soon, before I could even drive a car?
Beginning in mid-1950's my father and our family would drive to the Miami Country club to open the doors for people in the neighborhood seeking shelter from the storm. One year we learned afterwards that the three story dark red brick Fullerton home on East Central and Elm st. had been hit. I knew the Fullerton's were not in the shelter that night, and it worried me that Billy, my classmate, could have been hurt. The news the next day reassured us that no one was injured and that the storm hit the north side of the house. Otherwise, it was an exciting time for the kids because we were allowed to run in and out of the men's and women's basement locker rooms.
KGLC blared loudly on various radios that people brought with them. Depending on the length of time in the basement Dad would sometimes sell pop or other snacks to the families.
History
changed. After the Civil Defense became active, the club was no longer
used as a place of shelter and the talk of our parents centered on
building "Fallout Shelters" that could also be tornado shelters.
1961-63 became a pivotal time in
our history, and my parents, along with the Dahl family and others in town, took the Soviet threats seriously. Driving
the Muntz, Dad's race car, my father made it an adventure to find
a suitable shelter and safety for his family.
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| The awning covers the bomb shelter entrance. |
By summer of 1962 a "fallout shelter"
had been dropped into the ground
at 209 H NE. Mother filled it with the proper foods and
toiletries. (We didn't know all the dangers.) It was my job to remind
her to change the foods every six months. It was a schedule we kept
throughout my high school years. And, yet, I only wished to live to be
16 and legally drive a car. On a personal note, there was a multiple
choice question on my driver's test December 26, 1963 that asked how low
we should let our gas tanks drop before refilling. The correct answer
was refill at a half-a-tank. The logic being that we would need that
much gas to drive to the caves in Missouri for safety.
In retrospect our naivety stuns me. I grew up in a culture of families who had survived world wars, early pandemics, and the devastating recession/depression of the 1930's. We planned to survive and live. There was a great future ahead for all who worked.
Our
optimism can be seen in our history as the Civil Defense advised
schools and communities to build shelters. I don't personally remember
the short movies showing how to conduct air-raid drills.
However, I vividly recall hiding under my desk in fifth grade at Roosevelt and looking out the window wondering if I would see the atomic bomb go off before it killed me. In junior high and high school we were instructed to go to the hall ways and duck and cover. As a young girl wearing tight skirts and blouses, I found it difficult to squat properly and remain in position any length of time. I wasn't the least bit worried about dying, I was more concerned with my slip showing.
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| This Getty Image is much larger than our reality. |
Our
bomb shelter was a steel tank dropped into the ground covered with
cement, much like our present day tornado shelter buried in the corner
of or garage, with a ladder and opening a foot above ground. The square
opening and steel top with lock inside to keep strangers out made it
challenging to lower food and supplies to the shelter. (During those
years girls did not wear jeans. I had summer shorts or dresses.)
Our
shelter contained a bathroom at the far end, two pull down bunk beds on
each side of the tank, built in storage units under the beds (built by
my father). Any wall space left over contained food, water, first aid
items, and decks of cards to play. I do not recall how the shelter was
lighted, but we did have a battery powered radio. We sat on the beds or
the storage unit underneath. Mother put Tang in the shelter instead of
Kool-Aid because we learned from experience that we would not drink
Kool-Aid without sugar added, and Tang was ready to mix, sugar, flavors,
and water.
Mother kept a list of all items purchased in the construction of the shelter.
Over the years we made several trips to the shelter when the tornado sirens blared, otherwise, I invited friends over and we spent the night in the deep deep darkness of the shelter, creating memories that we would live to tell about.
The heyday of the fallout shelter occurred during the administration of John F. Kennedy, which saw both a rise in international tensions and Kennedy's advocacy of shelters as part of the American response. During the Berlin Crisis of 1961, precipitated by Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev's aggressive moves toward West Berlin, Kennedy gave a nationally televised speech explaining the gravity of the situation. He also endorsed the construction of fallout shelters, saying, "In the event of an attack, the lives of those families which are not hit in a nuclear blast and fire can still be saved if they can be warned to take shelter and if that shelter is available." If further inducement for building shelters was needed, it was provided fifteen months later by the Cuban Missile Crisis, in which the world came closer to nuclear war than it ever had before.
* https://www.encyclopedia.com/media/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/fallout-shelters
